Background: Diabetes self-care practice refers to performing complex activities, like self-monitoring blood glucose, physical exercise, foot care, adhering to medications and health diet. Poor self-care adherence was identified as a predictor of poor glycemic control and interventions that improve self-care practices can have a positive impact on glycemic control. Effectiveness of diabetes management relies on patients’ commitment to self-care practices.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess self-care practices adherence and associated factors among Type II diabetes patients on follow up at Tullu Bollo General Hospital and St. Luke Catholic Hospital and College of Nursing and Midwifery

Materials and methods: Health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 type II diabetic patients who were selected by systematic random sampling technique from March 1 to April 30, 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution was done for missing data. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages.  To identify factors associated with diabetic self-care, bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done. Those variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were included in the multi-variable analysis. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used and Statistical significance was set at p value ≤0.05 and SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Overall, 45.40% (95% CI: 39.40–52.50) of the patients adhered to diabetic self-care practice.  Being male (AOR = 4.20; 95%CI: 1.90-9.40), family history of DM (AOR = 5.40; 95%CI: 2.20-13.40), being urban resident (AOR = 3.30; 95% CI: 1.50-7.40), being on insulin injection (AOR = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.70-9.70) and having own glucometer (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.10-21.90) were found to have significant association with adherence to diabetic self-care practices.

Conclusion: This study indicated that level of adherence to diabetic self-care practices was low. Rural dwelling, female sex, low level of education, duration of DM < 5 years, employed, using oral anti-diabetic medications, lack of own glucometer are identified associated factors. Therefore, to improve this, it is suggested to provide education to patients about diabetes self-care practices, providing glucometer and giving diabetes self-care practices training for their health care providers

• Adherence
• Self-care practice
• Type II diabetes
• Predictors

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The study titled "Adherence to Self-Care Practices and Associated Factors Among Type II Diabetes Patients at Tullu Bollo General Hospital and St. Luke Catholic Hospital and College of Nursing and Midwifery" assessed self-care adherence among diabetic patients in relation to socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. The dependent variable was adherence to diabetes self-care practices, while independent variables included residence, sex, education level, duration of illness, type of treatment, glucometer ownership, and family history of diabetes. A facility-based cross-sectional design was employed from March 1 to April 30, 2023, involving 249 systematically selected Type II diabetic patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics summarized categorical data, and bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified associated factors.

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