| Abstract |
The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is the fourth Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Ethiopia. It was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) at the request of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). By virtue of its mandate, the CSA has conducted the survey in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) with technical assistance from ICF International, and financial as well as technical support from development partners. All factors in this effort have exerted themselves to get reliable, accurate, and up-to-date data to measure the success of the national development agenda— Growth and Transformation Plan II as well as the Sustainable Development Goals. The primary objective of the 2016 EDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators. The EDHS provides a comprehensive overview of population, maternal, and child health issues in Ethiopia.
As the fourth DHS conducted in Ethiopia, following 2000, 2005, and 2011 EDHS surveys, the 2016 EDHS provides valuable information on trends in key demographic and health indicators over time. The information collected through the 2016 EDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.
The survey was conducted from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016, based on a nationally representative sample that provides estimates at the national and regional levels and for urban and rural areas. The survey target groups were women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 in randomly selected households across Ethiopia.
Detailed information was collected on background characteristics of the respondents, fertility, marriage, fertility preferences, awareness and the use of family planning methods, child feeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, adult and childhood mortality, awareness and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, female genital mutilation, domestic violence, and height and weight of women and children age 0-5 years. This report presents comprehensive, detailed, final outcomes of the survey at the national level, for the nine regional states and two city administrations of Ethiopia. Information can be used for various purposes, including program planning and evaluation. Additionally, the 2016 EDHS included a health facility component that recorded data on children’s vaccinations, which were then combined with the household data on vaccinations.
The sampling frame used for the 2016 EDHS is the Ethiopia Population and Housing Census (PHC), which was conducted in 2007 by the Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency. The census frame is a complete list of 84,915 enumeration areas (EAs) created for the 2007 PHC. The 2016 EDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Each region was stratified into urban and rural areas, yielding 21 sampling strata. Samples of EAs were selected independently in each stratum in two stages.
Five questionnaires were used for the 2016 EDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, the Biomarker Questionnaire, and the Health Facility Questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on the DHS Program’s standard Demographic and Health Survey questionnaires were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. After all, questionnaires were finalized in English, they were translated into Amarigna, Tigrigna, and Oromiffa. |
| Description |
The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) is the fourth in the series of Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Ethiopia in 2000, 2005, and 2011. It was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) at the request of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH). The primary objective of the 2016 EDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of key demographic and health indicators. The EDHS provides a comprehensive overview of population, maternal, and child health issues in Ethiopia.
Five questionnaires were used for the 2016 EDHS: the household questionnaire, the woman’s questionnaire, the men’s questionnaire, the biomarker questionnaire, and the health facility questionnaire. These questionnaires, based on the DHS Program’s standard Demographic and Health Survey questionnaires were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. After all, questionnaires were finalized in English, they were translated into Amarigna, Tigrigna, and Oromiffa.
The household questionnaire was used to list all members of and visitors to selected households. Basic demographic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, parents’ survival status was determined. The household questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, and flooring materials, as well as on ownership of various durable goods. The household questionnaire included an additional module developed by the DHS Program to estimate the prevalence of injuries/accidents among all household members.
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all eligible women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics: background characteristics (including age, education, and media exposure), birth history and childhood mortality, family planning, including knowledge, use, and sources of contraceptive methods, fertility preferences, antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care, breastfeeding and infant feeding practices, vaccinations and childhood illnesses, Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics, knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to other health issues (e.g., injections, smoking, use of chat), adult and maternal mortality, female genital mutilation or cutting, fistula and violence against women.
The Men’s questionnaire was administered to all eligible men aged 15-59. This questionnaire collected much of the same information elicited from the woman’s questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history, questions on maternal and child health, or questions on domestic violence. The biomarker questionnaire also was used to record biomarker data collected from respondents by health technicians. For the first time, the 2016 EDHS also included a Health Facility Questionnaire. This questionnaire was used to record vaccination information for all children without a vaccination card identified through the woman’s questionnaire.
For the 2016 Ethiopia DHS, 15,683 women ages 15-49, and 12,688 men ages 15-59 were successfully interviewed from 16,650 households. In this report, key health indicators are provided for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the nine regional states and two city administrations. The 2016 EDHS data was collected by highly trained survey teams using a pretested questionnaire and computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI). Data collection took place over a 5.5-month period, from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. |
